Essay on Water Harvesting | Geography,Rain Water Harvesting Essay 300 Words
WebThe short essay on rainwater harvesting points out that the excessive use of groundwater by people leads to its shortage. Deforestation and urbanisation are also contributing WebApr 8, · There are basically two types of rainwater harvesting namely surface runoff harvesting and rooftop harvesting. In a surface runoff method, we make a path from WebRain Water Harvesting Essay 5 ( words) Now-a-days, people have been depended on the government system of water supply for getting water for their every need. The WebEssay Contents: Essay on the Introduction to Water Harvesting Essay on the History of Water Harvesting Essay on the Need for Water Harvesting Essay on the Concept and WebRainwater Harvesting System Research Paper. Words11 Pages. Performance of Rainwater Harvesting System Based on Roof Catchment Area and Storage Tank ... read more
Till now, approximately 4, of the temples in the Tamilnadu have rain water tanks serving at various rituals in temples and help in recharging the groundwater. Every drop of rain water is like blessings of God to the people on the earth. Fresh rain water falls on the ground like pearls, so everyone should understand the importance of rain water especially in developing regions and rural areas lack of natural water resources. We should try to collect rain water without wasting through rooftops and along streets run off. We should bring our old traditional harvesting practices using new and effective technologies to make easy water supply in all the regions. As only hand pumps, wells, and other resources of groundwater levels cannot fulfill the potable water need of hundreds of thousands of people.
Rainwater harvesting is the most sustainable and effective way for many years to make water available in the areas lacking water. Rainwater harvesting is very low cost method along with lots of benefits. It helps in various purposes like household works, field irrigation, livestock, agriculture and animal husbandry. It helps in rejuvenating the groundwater levels in both directly and indirectly manner. Groundwater level can be replenished by rain water harvesting methods of trenches, anicut, dug wells, contour, etc whereas other rain water harvesting methods like underground water tanks, ponds, etc help in reducing the use of groundwater for at least four to six months. It is very effective in the hilly regions and desert regions of the India and other countries.
More and clean rain water can be collected in the rainy season by making large and clean water body. Now-a-days, people have been depended on the government system of water supply for getting water for their every need. The present scenario of water management and distribution in the cities has been centralized by the government which has brought a big gap of community responsibility in water management. It has slowly but regularly finished the old traditional water harvesting system. Rainwater harvesting is again a new but old and effective technique of collecting rain water during rainy season for future usage purpose.
It is being frequently used in various places of India to overcome the problems of lack of water. Rain water harvesting is the good source of ground water recharge in natural way. However, the ground water level is getting less day by day because of the rapid urbanization and cities development at huge level as well as reduction in percolation of the rainwater to the ground. Rainwater harvesting is the way to reduce the use of ground water as well as maintain its level forever in the future. It is of more importance to the drought regions of India and other countries to supply the demands of water for various purposes.
Following are mentioned points proving the fact why to harvest rainwater:. Rain water can be harvested in better way using following methods like surface runoff harvesting and roof top rainwater harvesting. Both are very effective methods help in enhancing the level of ground water and fulfill the need of water supply in easy and cost effective way. Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rain water in the natural resources or artificially designed resources to prevent water runoff and fulfill the lack of water in future. The quantity of water harvesting is affected by the number of factors like frequency of rainfall, quantity of rainfall, way of collecting rain water, and size of resources to collect water. The ground water level is getting depleted day by day due to various reasons like deforestation and ecological imbalance.
Increasing level of urbanization and industrialization constantly increases the demand of water supply especially in the urban areas. It results in the overuse of ground water and thus going low level. The risk of water scarcity in the future has been increased to a great extent and can be life threatening if some effective solutions are not followed. Water harvesting is very helpful and fulfill various need like recharging the ground water level, reduces electricity bill spend in supplying water and provide easy water supply anytime when required.
It is estimated that 1 meter rise in the water level saves around 0. Rain water harvesting is very necessary to be practiced by the people in all regions. It is good to reduce the fear of water scarcity in the future. Following are the points proving the fact that why rain water harvesting is necessary:. Collecting rain water to the surface is very effective and traditional technique. It can be done using small ponds, underground tanks, dams, weirs etc. However, ground water recharging technique is a new concept of harvesting. It can be done using dug wells, pits, trenches, hand pumps, recharge wells, recharge shafts, recharge lateral shafts with bore wells, spreading technique means spread of water to the stream, nala, etc. Rainwater Harvesting is a method of storing rainwater, to be used in several domestic and agricultural activities.
The basic idea is to not let the rainwater runoff and get wasted, rather to collect it by simple mechanism so that it can be used during scarcity of water. In the following essay we will explore the importance of rainwater harvesting, its methods and systems and how it is traditionally done in rural India. Surface runoff is a term used for precipitation that falls on the surface of earth and is subsequently lost to the environment. If elaborate arrangements are made to collect surface runoff water by providing it a path into a pond or tank; gallons of water could be stored to be used for several activities. If designed efficiently, a system to collect surface runoff water can collect huge quantities of runoff from roads, parks, and gardens etc enough to sustain a small community or even a city.
However, runoff water contains impurities; therefore, it must be passed through filtration process before it could be reused. In roof top rainwater harvesting, the roof of a house or building functions as a catchment area for collecting rainwater. The water falling on the roof is diverted through a network or pipes to the desired pit or tank. It is by far the most economical and easy method of rainwater harvesting. Houses or buildings with sloping roof can install gutters on the edges to collect the falling rain and to carry it to the destination using pipes or artificially created ditch. Though, care must be taken to flush out the water collected from first rain as it contains soluble impurities.
In some places in India, still very traditional and ancient methods of rainwater harvesting are followed. These methods have proved successful in past and are still used in rural as well as urban India. Some of the significant traditional methods of rainwater harvesting in India are listed below-. This traditional method of rainwater harvesting is followed in tropical belt of southern states of Karnataka and Kerala. These regions are rich in laterite soil with naturally occurring depressions with three high sides. The three sides automatically function as the catchment area for collection of water in the depression.
Although, the water harvesting in water scare area is very conducive for crop cultivation, but adoption rate is still very less, which may be due to following reasons:. High labour requirements for constructing and maintaining the water harvesting structures. Limited availability of land for constructing water-harvesting structures. Apart from above reasons, the following are also few important points, which are likely to create adverse effects on water harvesting:. High risk of crop damage due to long term water stagnation in the area. Development of high risk of soil erosion and soil degradation in the catchment area.
Essay 5. Soil Requirements for Water Harvesting : The physical, chemical and biological properties of soil affect the yield response of crop to extra harvested moisture. In general, the soil characteristics favoring the water harvesting are the same as for irrigation. For better water harvesting response, the soil of catchment area should have following properties:. Apart from above the followings are also very important parameters, which affect the crop performance under water harvesting combinations. The soil texture influences several important soil characteristics including infiltration rate and water holding capacity.
Soil texture represents the soil composition in terms of mineral particles. The medium textured soils are normally the best for water harvesting purpose, because of the reason that these soils are ideally suited for plant growth in terms of nutrient supply, biological activity and water holding capacity. This soil property refers to the group of soil particles in the aggregates; and arrangement of the aggregates. A loamy soil includes good structure and relatively high content of organic matter. Due to this reason, the loamy soil is considered to be a good soil for water harvesting. Under hot climatic condition, the level of organic matter is often low because of rapid rate of decomposition. In general, the application of organic materials such as crop residues and animal manure in loamy soil is very conducive to improve the soil structure.
The soil depth is very important for better water harvesting. In the condition of greater soil depth, the quantum of runoff harvesting gets increase because of greater available storage space in the soil. The soils with less than 1 m depths are poorly suitable for water harvesting. The ideal soil depth for water harvesting point of view is 2 m or more. The level of soil fertility also affects the water harvesting. In many areas where water-harvesting system has been introduced, the lack of moisture content and low soil fertility are the major constraints to cultivate the crops. For better response of recycled harvested water the attention should always be given to maintain a good fertility level in the soil.
A soil is said to be sodic when it has high exchangeable sodium percentage; on the other hand when soil contains excess soluble salts then it is called saline soil. These soils should be avoided for water harvesting purposes, because there is significant reduction in moisture availability as well as creating harmful effects on plant growth. Infiltration Rate :. The soil types mainly affect the infiltration rate. Depending on the soil types the variation in infiltration rate is presented in Table A soil with very low infiltration rate is not good for profile water harvesting point of view, because of the possibility of development of surface water logging problem in the area. On the other hand, a low infiltration rate causes a high runoff rate, which is desirable for the catchment area to supply sufficient water for harvesting in reservoirs like structure which water can be utilized for electricity generation or for directing to the canal system for irrigation purposes.
In general, the soils of cropped area should be sufficiently permeable to allow adequate moisture availability in the crop root zone without causing water logging problem. Available Water Content :. The water holding capacity and ability of soil to release the water are considered very important parameters for water harvesting point of view. Regarding water harvesting structure, in which runoff water is stored, the soil should be such that which could hold the water for long duration, so that the harvested water could be available for the crop use for longer duration. This quantity of water when infiltrated, is adequate to replenish the soil profile from permanent wilting point to field capacity and any surplus water if there, gets lost by deep percolation; and thus being for a potential water logging hazard.
Essay 6. Water Harvesting Design Model for Catchment Cultivated Area Ratio : The water harvesting system consists of two components, i. one is the catchment, which is the collection unit for rainwater, and other is the cultivated area also called concentration area. There is definite relationship between the collection unit and the cultivated area. For an appropriate design of water harvesting system the ratio between catchment area and cultivated area must be known, which are determined mainly on the basis of rainfall, runoff and crop water requirement data of the area, where water harvesting structures are to be constructed.
The accuracy in estimation depends very much on the accuracy in above motioned data. But in real practice, there is very wide variation in rainfall, runoff or other required data. The rainfall and runoff are characteristically erratic. It is therefore, sometimes becomes necessary to modify the design procedure based on the experience, and by incorporating few safety measures, such as provision of cut-off drains to avoid damage when rainfall exceeds the design limit. The calculation procedure of ratio of catchment area to cultivated area C: CA is described as under:.
Computation of Ratio of Catchment Area to Cultivated Area :. The calculation of ratio between catchment area and cultivated area is based on the concept that the quantity of harvested water must be equal to the extra water required for needful, i. In which, the amount of water harvested from the contributing catchment depends on host of the factors, such as topographical characteristics, land use, rainfall etc. Effects of these factors are on the runoff producing behaviour of the catchment. There are several methods for computing the runoff, based on the topographical characteristics, land uses and climatic characteristics, but for water harvesting is concerned, the runoff for a defined time scale is predicted by multiplying the design rainfall with the runoff coefficient.
Also for better accuracy, it is additionally multiplied with an efficiency factor for compensating the deep percolation losses. The following formula can be used for computing the amount of water to be harvested based on the catchment area, rainfall, runoff coefficient and efficiency factor —. The amount of extra-required water is computed by multiplying the size of cultivated area and the net crop water requirement. The net crop water requirement is the total water requirement minus rainfall depth taken place. It is presented as under —. x Eff. The equation This formula is not valid for tree plantations. For trees the following formula can be used —. In above formula, the area exploited by root system is taken as the area of the tree canopy. For few tree species, the size of catchment and cultivated area followed in different countries is presented in Table The table values can be taken into consideration for design purposes of water harvesting structures.
For rangeland and fodder cases, it is generally not necessary to calculate the ratio of catchment area and cultivated area C: CA for design of water harvesting system for fodder production or rangeland rehabilitation. However, as a general guideline that the ratio of to for micro catchments, which are normally used, are found appropriate. Various parameters involved in above relationship are described as under:. It depends on the type of crop to be grown and climate of the area. A detail view about crop water requirement can be have from the reference Suresh R It is the seasonal rain depth, based on which the water harvesting system is designed. The rainfall depth data is essential for determining the amount of runoff likely to be generated from the catchment area, which is expected to get store in the water harvesting structure.
The design rainfall depth refers to the rainfall of a specified probability. The consideration of design rainfall makes the system design, more reliable. If the rainfall is lesser than the design rainfall, then there is possibility of risk of crop failure due to moisture stress, along with not availability of excess water for harvesting purpose. And if the rainfall is more than the design rainfall, then runoff will be in surplus, which can be used for water harvesting. It is the fraction of rainfall, which gets change into surface runoff. It depends on several factors such as slope steepness, soil type, vegetative cover, antecedent soil moisture content, rainfall intensity and duration. The runoff coefficient varies between 0 and 1. This factor takes into account the losses of rainwater due to deep percolation and evaporation, and non-uniform distribution of water within the field.
In level cultivated lands, its value is at higher side. The micro-catchment systems have higher efficiency because depth of water ponding is less. Essay 7. Site and Technique Selection for Water Harvesting: There are several factors which decide to a most suitable site and technique for design and construction of water harvesting structures; few of them are outlined as under:. It is very important that before selecting any specific technique for water harvesting, the consideration must be given to the social and cultural aspects prevailing in the area because they are paramount, and affect the success of the implemented technique. There, most of the population have experienced basic subsistence regimes, which resulted over the centuries in setting priorities for survival.
Regarding selection of technique, the consideration of cost and risks is very important. The cost and risks must be compared within various techniques, and based on that the selection should made to that which involve less cost and risk, as well. In addition, the water quality, operational and maintenance costs should also be taken into consideration. The area, where water of better quality, cheaper technology, easier to obtain or there is less risk, should always be given priority. Technical Criterion :. The water harvesting projects are only being sustainable, when they are socially acceptable and economically viable and also when fulfill the basic technical criteria. It is one of the very important limiting factors for water harvesting.
The soil should have all those attributes, which are suitable for irrigation. In other words, the soil should be deep; not be saline or sodic and also possess inherent fertility. A serious limitation for water harvesting is with the soils in sandy texture. The sandy soil contains very high infiltration rate; because of this reason there is more possibility of no yield of runoff if rainfall depth is mild. In general, for yield of sufficient runoff from watershed, the infiltration rate should always be lesser than the rainfall intensity. Always, there should be the consideration of cost effectiveness technique for water harvesting.
Read rain water harvesting essay in English for children of class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and Know more about essay on rain water harvesting essay in words. Rainwater harvesting is the process to save and store rainwater that can be used for various purposes. The idea behind the rainwater harvesting is to prevent the rainwater from running off and storing it in tanks or ponds so that it can be used later. This method is very helpful to combat the water scarcity problems presently prevailing in India. So we must promote this practice to have access to clean water without much cost. Significance of Rainwater Harvesting implies that it is a very economical and easy practice to follow.
Considering the water scarcity across the globe, it is the need of an hour to start doing rainwater harvesting. As we know, that we do not have much surface water left to meet our ever-increasing demands of water, therefore it is very important to realize the benefits of rainwater harvesting. We can get additional water by preventing rainwater from running off. Also, groundwater levels are decreasing day by day as more number of people living in flats and houses are using submersible pumps to use the groundwater. There are many other reasons behind groundwater depletion including deforestation, urbanization, high population, and much more. There are basically two types of rainwater harvesting namely surface runoff harvesting and rooftop harvesting.
In a surface runoff method, we make a path from the surface to a storage place like tank or pond. When it rains, a large amount of water on the surface is directed to the pond and is used for various purposes. In rooftop rainwater harvesting, the roof of a building acts as a collection component for rainwater. The roof is equipped with pipelines that directly open into a tank. The rainwater when falls on the roofs are diverted into the tanks thus preventing the water from falling off. Thus, rainwater harvesting is a very economical method that saves water and also prevents it from logging on the roads.
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Essay on Rain Water Harvesting for Children and Students,Essay on rain water harvesting (100 words)
WebApr 8, · There are basically two types of rainwater harvesting namely surface runoff harvesting and rooftop harvesting. In a surface runoff method, we make a path from WebEssay Contents: Essay on the Introduction to Water Harvesting Essay on the History of Water Harvesting Essay on the Need for Water Harvesting Essay on the Concept and WebThe short essay on rainwater harvesting points out that the excessive use of groundwater by people leads to its shortage. Deforestation and urbanisation are also contributing WebRainwater Harvesting System Research Paper. Words11 Pages. Performance of Rainwater Harvesting System Based on Roof Catchment Area and Storage Tank WebRain Water Harvesting Essay 5 ( words) Now-a-days, people have been depended on the government system of water supply for getting water for their every need. The ... read more
The water harvesting assembles various techniques or practices based on the utilization of runoff from un-cropped areas, and to supplement the harvested water to the cropped areas. The water falling on the roof is diverted through a network or pipes to the desired pit or tank. However, ground water recharging technique is a new concept of harvesting. Share Share Share Call Us. In the shortage of regular water supply, they can continue to cultivate seasonal crops with rain water.
Rainwater essay on rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rain water in the natural resources or artificially designed resources to prevent water runoff and fulfill the lack of water in future. Also, essay on rainwater harvesting, this practice has been found very effective for rehabilitating the degraded lands; and an excellent means of establishing the tree seedlings for agro-forestry, in Sahel. Third Concern: Energy Energy would include wood for heating, cooking, and alternative energy sources such as solar, wind and hydro power. First, the position of contour lines is fixed in the field; and then a foundation trench is dug along the marked contour line. In spite, in continuous declining water table condition there is no reduction in water use rate; but at increased rate. In sheet-flow water harvesting the rainwater is collected from a larger catchment area, and is concentrated to a small size cropping area.
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